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The Khorchin (Хорчин, ''Qorčin'') is a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in southeastern Inner Mongolia of China. ==History== The Ming dynasty gave Borjigin princes (descended from Genghis Khan's brothers) command of the Taining guard, one of the Three Guards which were established in 1389. During invasions of Esen Tayisi in 1446–48, most of the guards fled. However, the Fuyu Guard, another of the Three Guards, remained along the Nen River and Onon River. Ruled by descendants of Khasar,〔The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia by René Grousset, p.687〕 they became direct ancestors of the Khorchins. Adai Khan of the Khorchin challenged the power of the Four Oirats and the Ming court in the succession struggle of Northern Yuan dynasty. However, he was killed by them in Ejene in 1438 and his tribe was forced to flee southward. The Khorchin appeared again in Mongolian chronicles with the rise of Unebolad wang in the late 15th century. The Khorchins allied with Dayan Khan and defeated the Uriyangkhai at the battle of Dalan Terqin in 1510. In 1624, Nurhaci received the submission of Khorchins who roamed east of Khingan mountains and west of the Sungari. They were the first Mongol tribe that submitted to Qing dynasty.〔New Qing imperial history By James A. Millward, Ruth W. Dunnell, Mark C. Elliott, p.100〕 The Khorchins were responsible for production of fermented mare's milk for Manchu emperors. The later emperors of the Manchu Qing dynasty rewarded the Khorchin nobles highly for this early loyalty. Notable Empresses of the Qing dynasty, such as Empress Xiaozhuangwen (1613–88) and Empress Xiaohuizhang (1641–1717), were the Khorchin-Borjigins.〔Marriage and inequality in Chinese society by Rubie Sharon Watson, Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Joint Committee on Chinese Studies (U.S.) p.176〕 The Khorchins were further divided into two wings (north and south), each with three Banners.〔Occasional Papers by Mongolia Society, p.76〕 Due to the anti-Mongol rebellion among ethnic Han Jindandao followers in 1891, many thousands of Kharchin Mongols fled to the Khorchin. After 1900 both Chinese education and Chinese colonization spread among them. When the Japanese Empire occupied parts of Inner Mongolia and all of Manchuria in 1931, the Khorchins became the most energetic proponents of secular learning and reform among the Mongols. After World War II rural class struggle and the civil war of 1946–48 were very bloody and divisive. Since then they have been a powerful faction within Inner Mongolia's Chinese Communist Party apparatus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khorchin Mongols」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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